5 Steps To Make Your Freelance Clients Love Your Writing

5 Steps To Make Your Freelance Clients Love Your Writing The most ideal approach to ensure your independent customers love your composing is to compose first class duplicate. That much is valid. As an expert essayist, your abilities are your fundamental concern. In any case, there is a whole other world to extraordinary duplicate with regards to getting customers to adore what youve accomplished for them. You have to consummate the whole customer process with the goal that the experience of employing you is as astounding as the work you produce. A terrible encounter can sloppy up incredible last duplicate. So how would you get your independent customers to adore your work? 1. Ask Freelance Clients Inquiries Up Front Posing the correct inquiries in advance is the main way both you and the customer will be sure about whats required, whats conceivable, and what will occur. Distress for work frequently makes us not have any desire to cause trouble with such a large number of inquiries, thus we enthusiastically express yes to put on an exterior of certainty and snatch the activity. Also, that is the place the difficulty begins. You either dont have enough data to carry out the responsibility right, or you need to prop up back to the customer to understand that data you ought to have gotten in any case. That isnt going to paint an expert picture of what your identity is and how you work. Regardless of whether your last item is stunning, youve shaded the experience for your customer. Make a spreadsheet to follow points of interest for each independent activity. Inquiries toward the start are ideal. Regardless of whether you have a great deal. Discover the points of interest, for example, what number of words the customer expects, and when they need the finished task. Discover the foundation on the task. Maybe you didnt realize this customer lean towards interviews as a major aspect of the exploration procedure. What's more, burrow profound to locate the more subtle things the customer may not think to let you know. They may expect you definitely know. Examination the customers distribution or blog to discover what sort of composing has been utilized before, and make notes of tone, style, and substance. Know precisely what the customer needs; they will value your anxiety and polished methodology as you pose appropriate inquiries. Also, they will adore the outcome even more. Pose all inquiries in advance to keep the #FreelanceWriting experience from being ugly.2. Write In Your Strengths If Possible Youll be progressively eager in the event that you expound on themes you are educated, agreeable, and appreciate. Obviously, you cant consistently get ventures that fit this definition, however put forth an attempt to seek after and hold those that do. At the point when you expound on the things you love, you have just done the exploration. You are knowledgable not on the grounds that you needed to discover data to complete a venture, but since you discovered data throughout the years to fulfill your own interest. At the point when you expound on the things you love, you are composing as a matter of fact. You become your own reference, and you dont need to look through the web high and low to discover the contemplations and statements of others. You are a specialist in your own right, and can unreservedly talk. At the point when you expound on the things you love, your excitement appears. Youll have a new take and hurl the recipes aside and it will appear in your composition. At the point when you expound on the things you love, your customer will cherish what youve composed for them. In this way, when you have a customer who is requesting that you compose on something you dont love, that is fine. That is the activity. In any case, if that equivalent customer begins to make life hopeless for you, pushing limits and getting touchy about what you charge for independent composition, consider on the off chance that you truly need to take on that conflict. Expound on the things you love as much as possible. It appears in your work. #FreelanceWriting3. Compose For Your Freelance Clients, Not Yourself Keep in mind, youre not composing for yourself. Indeed, for some composing ventures, your name probably won't be connected. You cannot move toward each composing venture as though you are building an open notoriety for yourself. Rather, you should know about the voice your customer needs, and be that voice for them, in light of the fact that youre really assembling their open notoriety with your words. Customers have picked you on account of your style and that they like your work, yet perhaps your dull blog entries that they state they adored arent the right tone for their corporate handbook. Everything returns to posing the correct inquiries, one of which ought to be to find out what tone they are searching for. You might need to address their advertising division so you are on message. Doesnt sound like fun, yet you can play around with your own voice on your own blog. When composing for customers, you should turn into the voice they need. Compose for your #freelance customers, and not for yourself. You are their voice.4. Sell Your Work Back To Your Freelance Clients Self-advancement comes effectively for a few, however not all. For those of us who battle with self-advancement, discussing yourself feels disgusting; discussing your work and selling it feels far and away more terrible. Be that as it may, you need to. You could give your customer the equivalent completed item absent a lot of exhibition, or you could give it to them both a disposition of certainty and basically sell it back to them,â and theyd lean toward the last mentioned. For what reason would you sell it back to them when they previously paid for it? Theyve employed you, havent they? That should be sufficient. Your customer needs you to give them certainty about your work. They need you to promise them that they didnt make a mix-up in paying you cash to compose for them. Possibly you dont need to do it after youve been in a working relationship for a long time, yet toward the start, particularly, you have to enable your customer to adore your work by giving them that you love your work, as well. Its a method of demonstrating them youre putting forth a valiant effort, and that youre not random about their undertaking. You need to persuade #FreelanceWriting customers twice: to employ you, and to keep you.5. Regard Your Client Show your customer regard. Once more, your customers take on your work regularly has less to do with how extraordinary you composing is, however how their experience working with you was. On the off chance that you regard your customer, their experience will be a decent one. Regard Deadlines Time is cash. You realize that, as a consultant. The equivalent applies to your customer. They have a cutoff time for an explanation; it accommodates their time plan. At the point when you turn a venture it past a cutoff time or barely in time, you can cost them money. Clients love your work. Theyll love it significantly more on the off chance that you get it to them on schedule.

Dynamic Leadership Applied Leadership Development

Question: Portray about the Report for Dynamic Leadership of Applied Leadership Development. Answer: Presentation: Authority is among the prime factors that help associations to accomplish economical development in this serious market (Zepeda, 2012). I accept viable usage of initiative style is vital for the association to stay serious in the market. Therefore, I feel that an individual need to experience an efficient methodology so as to increase all the qualities of the authority style. Accordingly, I feel that usage of expert and self-improvement plan is fundamental for the distinguishing proof of the considerable number of qualities and shortcomings as a pioneer. Presently, I accept that self-assessment is essential for building viable individual and expert advancement plan. Presently, I have just referenced that I truly appreciate the job of a pioneer, as I feel that I have ability to impact others successfully. I likewise was exceptionally fruitful as an innovator in my schools soccer group. I feel that it has helped me a great deal to perceive my potential as a pioneer. By and by, I am dri ving a startup association that gives cleaning administrations to the individuals of my territory. Presently, I have just referenced that I like utilize fair authority style. In any case, I feel that administration is an amazingly immense idea that requires proceeds up-degree. Along these lines, I likewise need to create individual and expert advancement intend to improve as a pioneer. Individual and expert improvement plan (PPDP): According to the article by Waite et al. (2014), advancement of objectives is significant so as to improve persistently as a pioneer. From the individual evaluation and criticism from my companion Dora, I have distinguished numerous qualities and shortcomings as a pioneer. Consequently, my PPDP likewise should create on explicit objectives that are portrayed as follows: S-Specific I need to distinguish the most ideal approach to manage the antagonism M-Measurable I will have increment my administrative viability by up to 20% as a pioneer An Attainable I should concentrate more on creating methodologies that could persuade all the representatives R-Realistic I should create solid relationship with all the partners T-Timely I should allow myself 5 years time to grow up as a pioneer Table 1: SMART objectives (Source: As made by the creator) So as to build up my abilities as a pioneer, I should create plan that could assist me with fulfilling all the objectives. As referenced by my companion Dora, I have not ready to manage the cynicism issue successfully. In this way, I should concentrate on the advancement of abilities that could manage the pessimism in the association. Thus, I should converse with my subordinates so as to recognize the prime explanation that is making antagonism in the workplace. Besides, I will likewise need to concentrate on the advancement of uplifting disposition paying little heed to the circumstance. From Doras criticism, I have distinguished that managing the pessimism in the association is one of the prime initiative hole. Therefore, it likewise has made antagonistic effect on the adequacy of my administrative dynamic style. So as to manage the antagonism issue in the association, I have built up an activity plan that is depicted as follows. Activity plan Managing the cynicism issue Start date End date Achievement 1: Identification of prime factors that is making cynicism 2016 2017 Stage 1: I should use past information from the authoritative history Stage 2: I should lead a study for the representatives Achievement: 2 improvement of plan for decreasing pessimism 2018 2019 Stage 1: I should concentrate more on expanding the persuasive degree of the workers Stage 2: I should make climate where all the workers can make solid holding among one another Achievement: 3 take out cynicism 2019 2020 Stage 1: My majority rule administration style should urge all the representatives to share their contemplations and viewpoints Stage 2: I should create positive workplace for the representatives Table 2: Action plan (Source: As made by the creator) Subsequently, it very well may be evaluated that my authority style needs to improve in a successful way so as to make positive effect on my new companies. In this way, my PPDP should concentrate on covering all the holes in my authority style. For example, Dora has referenced that I have ready to keep up expanded workforce viably. Nonetheless, I feel that my initiative style should concentrate more on the upkeep of workforce expansion successfully. Accordingly, I need to remember assessments of the considerable number of representatives for the dynamic style (Leung, 2015). In any case, I additionally need to consider that my association has ready to satisfy every one of its destinations viably. Therefore, I accept that it important to incorporate model and structures in regards to the initiative style, as it will assist me with growing up as a pioneer. Presently, I additionally accept that my PPDP plan should concentrate more on the best possible assessment of national and authorita tive culture. I have distinguished that culture assumes a vital job in the adequacy of the authority style. Presently, as I am related with a new company, my prime center is to build up the association in the Australian market as it were. In this way, my PPDP should incorporate legitimate investigation of Australian culture just as culture of the associations present in the Australian market. Model and structure for authority improvement: As referenced by Zuber-Skerritt Louw (2014) execution of authority style assumes a pivotal job in giving associations upper hand in the market. Therefore, I trust it is important for the associations to assess all the models and structure so as to execute powerful authority style. I additionally need to concentrate on the use of authority models and structure so to conceal all the holes in my administration style in a suitable way. Besides, I feel that authority style is much increasingly urgent for the startup associations, as they are required to confront more difficulties in legitimate usage of the operational procedures. I have concentrated on three models so as to use my PPDP adequately. The usage procedure of initiative models are as per the following: Administration or Managerial matrices: As referenced in the article by Lussier Achua (2015) administrative framework centers around the authority abilities so as to assess the viability of the pioneers. Right off the bat, it centers around two factors to be specific thought and starting structure. Presently, I have recognized that thought assists with distinguishing relationship conduct among the representatives and furthermore the sort of trust they have on one another. Presently, as I have recognized that I have to deal with wipe out the pessimism issue from the association to upgrade my administrative adequacy. I should use these components intentionally to improve the trust level among the representatives. Then again, starting structure centers around the planning and sorting out the operational procedure (Matthews, 2015). Presently, Dora has referenced that I was very productive in using my various aptitudes workers adequately. In this manner, it really is mirroring my qualities as a pioneer (McNamara et al., 2014). Presently, other two lattices are representative direction and creation direction. I have just referenced that I have confidence in the fair initiative style. In this way, my PPDP should concentrate more on the worker direction points of view, as it will assist me with improving relationship among the representatives, which in the end make positive effect on the upgrading my capacity to decrease cynicism from the work environment. Four-system approach: As referenced by Forde et al. (2013) four-system approach portrays four structure including political, auxiliary, human asset and emblematic. It additionally has referenced that each pioneer works in one of these four classifications. Presently, as I am related with a startup association, I don't have face an excessive amount of political, auxiliary or emblematic difficulties. Accordingly, it featured the way that my initiative style should concentrate more on the human asset classifications so as to give upper hand to the associations. Human asset structure pioneers sees that workers impart with respect to their points of view and accepts (Heaton, 2016). Presently, as my PPDP is centers towards the upgrade of the administrative adequacy, appropriate usage of human asset initiative structure will assist me with improving my aptitude as a majority rule pioneer. Besides, I feel that it will likewise assist me with utilizing proposals of the representatives in a compelling way, which wi ll make positive effect on the satisfaction of my authority advancement plan targets. I additionally feel that it will assist me with enhancing the inspirational degree of the representatives. Accordingly, it will to accomplish achievable targets of my own and expert improvement plan. Situational initiative structure: According to the article by Huffman et al. (2014) situational initiative depends on two continuums to be specific excitement and management. Accordingly, I trust it will assist me with identifying the most ideal approach to blend these two factors in my initiative style so it can ready to satisfy my administration holes. For example, I should assess the information and expertise level of the considerable number of representatives. I trust it will assist me with determining the necessary measure of management is required to improve the adequacy of the operational procedure at the ideal level. In this manner, it will assist me with reducing the chance of miscommunication and absence of coordination at the work environment. Theref

Workplace Bullying Causes Anxiety Issues

Workplace Bullying Causes Anxiety Issues Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Print Workplace Bullying Causes Anxiety Issues By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Updated on June 27, 2019 Thomas Barwick / Stone / Getty Images More in Stress Management Job Stress Workplace Bullying Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Workplace bullying can be a traumatic experience for those who are targeted. In fact, the distress, pain, and victimization that targets experience impacts almost every aspect of their lives leaving them feeling lonely, isolated, depressed and anxious. What’s more, the effects of workplace bullying not only linger long after the victim has moved on but also can reappear later in the form of various anxiety disorders. Are You Being Bullied? Anxiety Disorders Victims of Workplace Bullying Experience The top four anxiety disorders that targets of workplace bullying can experience include:generalized anxiety disorderpanic attackspost-traumatic stress disordersocial anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are often plagued with worries and fears that distract them from their day-to-day activities. They also report being troubled by a persistent feeling that something bad is going to happen. Outsiders often characterize people with GAD as chronic worriers who feel anxious about something most of the time. Some physical symptoms of GAD include insomnia, stomachaches, restlessness, and fatigue. It is not uncommon for targets of workplace bullying to still worry or even expect that something bad is going to happen. After all, something bad did happen almost every day that they were in the workplace. As a result, this repeated stress filters over into other areas of their lives and becomes a generalized anxiety disorder. Panic attacks. Sometimes called panic disorder or anxiety attacks, people suffering from this condition must deal with unexpected and repeated panic attacks. During an attack, they experience feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of panic disorder may include sweating, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, and a choking sensation. Sufferers also may struggle with the fear of experiencing another episode. What’s more, if left untreated panic attacks can lead to agoraphobia, which is a fear of being in places where escape would be difficult. As a result, agoraphobics often avoid going out. They also avoid going to places like shopping malls or confined spaces like airplanes. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD occurs after a traumatic or life-threatening event. It also can show up after repeated abuse or bullying. Symptoms of PTSD include experiencing flashbacks, having nightmares, startling easily, withdrawing from others and being hyper-vigilant. People suffering from PTSD also avoid situations that remind them of the event. If the workplace bullying was particularly abusive and continued for an extended period of time, it is not surprising that some targets of bullying develop PTSD. Social anxiety disorder. When someone has a debilitating fear of being seen negatively by others or humiliated by others, they may have a social anxiety disorder. People with this disorder are overwhelmed with worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. Their fear is that others will judge them. They also are concerned that the way they look or act will lead to embarrassment or ridicule. In severe situations, people with social anxiety disorder avoid social situations altogether. It is not surprising that victims of workplace bullying would develop a social anxiety disorder, especially if they were repeatedly judged and publicly humiliated. They come to believe that the type of embarrassment they experienced at work will happen to them over and over again. When to Seek Professional Help There are some coping strategies that can be effective if a person’s worries, fears or anxiety attacks are not too severe. For instance, some people find that writing down their worries helps. Meanwhile, others allow themselves a set amount of time to worry about something. When the time is up, they force themselves to think about other things. Other options include practicing relaxation techniques, exercise, meditation, and prayer. But when the worries, fears or anxiety issues are significant enough that they are disrupting a person’s life in some way, it is important to seek professional help. Sometimes, physical anxiety symptoms like irregular heartbeats, sweating or persistent anxiety will be related to a medical condition instead of an anxiety disorder. Some possible culprits could be thyroid issues, hypoglycemia or even mitral valve prolapse. What’s more, certain medications or herbal remedies could cause symptoms as well. Be sure to consult a doctor for any lingering physical symptoms especially irregular heartbeats or breathing difficulties. If the doctor rules out a medical condition, consulting with a therapist or counselor that has experience treating anxiety issues is the next step. The counselor can determine the type of anxiety disorder that is present. She also can help the person work through any workplace bullying that was experienced. Talking to someone about workplace bullying is helpful in finding closure and moving on. In fact, it is a crucial step toward healing from workplace bullying. How Workplace Bullies Pick Their Targets

Who Invented Cracker Jack, the Classic Popcorn Snack

A German immigrant named Frederick Fritz William Rueckheim invented Cracker Jack, a snack  consisting of  molasses-flavored  caramel-coated popcorn  and  peanuts. Rueckheim came to Chicago in 1872 to help clean up after the famous Chicago fire. He also worked selling popcorn from a cart. Together with brother Louis, Rueckheim experimented and came up with a delightful popcorn candy, which the brothers decided to mass market. Cracker Jack was first mass-produced and sold at the first Chicago Worlds Fair in 1893.  The  Ferris wheel, Aunt Jemima pancakes, and the  ice cream cone  were also introduced at this event. The treat was a mixture of popcorn, molasses, and peanuts. The snacks first name was Candied Popcorn and Peanuts. Cracker Jack Character and Name Legend has it that the name Cracker Jack came from a customer who, upon trying the treat, exclaimed, that really a cracker — Jack!  The name stuck. However, crackerjack was also a slang expression that meant something pleasing or excellent. This is more likely to have been the origin of the name.  The Cracker Jack name was registered in 1896.   Cracker Jacks mascots  Sailor Jack and dog Bingo were introduced in 1916  and registered as a trademark in 1919.  Sailor Jack was modeled after Robert Rueckheim, grandson of Frederick. Robert was the son of the third and eldest Rueckheim brother, Edward. Robert died of pneumonia at age 8, shortly after his image appeared on boxes of Cracker Jack.  The sailor boy image acquired such meaning for the founder of Cracker Jack, he had it carved on his tombstone, which is in St. Henrys Cemetery in Chicago.  Sailor Jacks dog Bingo was based on a real dog named Russell, a stray  adopted in 1917 by Henry Eckstein. He demanded that the dog be used on the packaging.   The Cracker Jack brand has been owned by Frito-Lay  since 1997. The Cracker Jack Box By 1896, the company devised a way to keep the popcorn kernels separate. The mixture had been difficult to handle, as it tended to stick together. The wax-sealed, moisture-proof box was introduced in 1899. Immortalized in 1908 in the lyrics of the baseball song Take Me Out to the Ball Game, Cracker Jack added surprises in each package. Trivia In 1912, toy surprises were first put into every Cracker Jack box. This tradition continued until Frito-Lay stopped the practice in 2016.Take Me Out to the Ball Game, written in 1908 by Norworth and Von Tilzer, contains a reference to Cracker Jack in the lyrics.The boy on the Cracker Jack box image is named Sailor Jack and his dog is called Bingo.The Cracker Jack Company was sold to Borden in 1964.In 1997, Frito-Lay purchased Cracker Jack from Borden. Sources Dawn, Randee. Cracker Jack is replacing toy prizes inside with digital codes. Today, April 22, 2016. Take Me Out to the Ball Game. Baseball Almanac, 2019.

Costo y trámites para visa C-1 de tránsito por EE.UU.

La visa de trà ¡nsito C-1 permite a una persona extranjera hacer escala en Estados Unidos cuando sus viajes tienen origen y finalizan en otros paà ­ses. Por ejemplo, la visa C-1 puede ser una opcià ³n para un latinoamericano que le desea visitar un paà ­s europeo y le gustarà ­a viajar en una aerolà ­nea que hace escala en Estados Unidos porque el boleto de avià ³n es mà ¡s barato que si compra un vuelo directo. Otro caso para solicitar la visa de trà ¡nsito serà ­a el de un extranjero en un barco cuyo origen y destino no es Estados Unidos y en el transcurso del viaje el barco atraca en un puerto estadounidense. En este caso no se tiene permiso para bajar a tierra. Si se quiere pasear y hacer turismo se necesita una visa de turista, conocida en algunos paà ­ses como de paseo o placer o tambià ©n por las iniciales B2 o B1/B2. Quià ©nes no necesitan solicitar la visa C-1 de trà ¡nsito No requieren sacar la visa de trà ¡nsito los extranjeros que hacen en escala en Estados Unidos pero se encuentran en una de las siguientes categorà ­as: Residentes permanentes legales en EE.UU.Personas con una visa de turista vigenteExtranjeros de un paà ­s participante en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Las personas de este à ºltimo grupo y que, por lo tanto, no necesitan visa para ingresar a EE.UU. debe solicitar, sin embargo, una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que se conoce como ESTA. En este momento, de todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes solo Chile y Espaà ±a està ¡n incluidos en dicho programa. Cà ³mo se tramita la visa C1 de trà ¡nsito La visa C1 forma parte de las denominadas visas no inmigrantes. Debe solicitarse una visa por cada miembro de la familia que planee hacer escala en los Estados Unidos, incluidos los nià ±os y los bebà ©s. Esta regla aplica incluso en los casos en los que los menores no tienen pasaporte propio por estar incluidos en el de uno de los padres. El primer paso para solicitar la visa de trà ¡nsito es rellenar el formulario DS-160 y, al finalizar, imprimir la confirmacià ³n con el cà ³digo de barras. A continuacià ³n, proceder a elegir la pà ¡gina del paà ­s al que pertenece el consulado en el que se aplica por la visa. Para los hispanohablantes son las siguientes: ArgentinaBoliviaChileColombiaCosta RicaCuba. Està ¡n suspendidos la mayorà ­a de servicios de visados. Consultar con Embajada.EcuadorEl SalvadorEspaà ±aGuatemalaHondurasMà ©xico. Tambià ©n hay telà ©fonos disponibles.NicaraguaPanamà ¡ParaguayPerà ºRepà ºblica DominicanaVenezuela Si nunca se ha utilizado con anterioridad una de esas pà ¡ginas, debe crearse un perfil antes de seguir. Ahà ­ se realizan importantes trà ¡mites como, por ejemplo, cerrar la fecha y hora para la entrevista con el oficial consular.   Debe verificarse con las reglas de cada consulado para la entrevista si nià ±os y ancianos deben presentarse y a partir de quà © edad. La regla general es que los menores de 13 o menos y los mayores de 80 o mà ¡s no deben presentarse, pero puede haber excepciones. Otros trà ¡mites importantes durante este paso son el pago de la tarifa de la visa MRV, que deberà ¡ hacerse segà ºn los requisitos de cada consulado y, finalmente, seguir los pasos segà ºn va indicando el formulario en lo que respecta a la toma de huellas digitales y fotos, que dependen de las directrices de cada consulado. No hay confusià ³n posible, ya que al elegir el consulado en el que se aplica, el formulario que aparece en pantalla solo da la opcià ³n a los trà ¡mites especà ­ficos que aplican en el mismo. Asà ­, en paà ­ses como Mà ©xico, Argentina o Repà ºblica Dominicana la toma de datos biomà ©tricos como huellas tiene lugar antes de la entrevista en el consulado en una ubicacià ³n habilitada para ello. En otros consulados, por el contrario, ese trà ¡mite se realiza el propio dà ­a de la entrevista y en el consulado. En este caso, al llenar la solicitud prestar atencià ³n a las fotos, ya que algunos consulados requieren que las tome el propio solicitante de la visa, en cuyo caso deberà ¡ ajustarse a los parà ¡metros que exigen las autoridades estadounidenses. Finalmente, a la entrevista debe acudirse en hora, llevando ordenados los documentos necesarios. Entre estos destacan el pasaporte và ¡lido con visa del paà ­s de destino, si fuera necesaria, el resguardo del pago de la solicitud de la visa y el cà ³digo de barras y confirmacià ³n de haber completado el formulario DS-160. Ademà ¡s, debe llevarse copia del itinerario del viaje o de la reserva del mismo y los documentos que sirvan para probar que el solicitante tiene lazos econà ³micos, familiares y sociales sà ³lidos en su lugar de residencia habitual. Esta documentacià ³n es importante porque la causa principal por la que se niega la visa es falta de acreditacià ³n de dichos lazos. Costo de la visa MRV de tipo C-1 de trà ¡nsito En la actualidad, el costo no reembolsable de solicitar la visa de trà ¡nsito es de $160 dà ³lares americanos. A las visas estadounidenses se las conoce habitualmente por las iniciales MRV, que son las siglas en inglà ©s de Visa que pueden leer las mà ¡quinas. Ademà ¡s de la tarifa siempre obligatoria, los ciudadanos de algunos paà ­ses deben pagar una cuota o arancel adicional que se conoce como issuance fee, pero sà ³lo si es aprobada.   Debido a su alto costo es posible que solamente resulte rentable si se estima que se realizarà ¡n con dicha visa varios viajes con esa visa. Aprobacià ³n o rechazo solicitud de visa C-1 de trà ¡nsito Si la solicitud de visa es aprobada se entregarà ¡ al solicitante segà ºn las reglas de cada consulado. En la actualidad en la mayorà ­a de los paà ­ses se entrega el pasaporte con la visa estampada en el mismo utilizando los servicio de mensajerà ­a de DHL. Cabe destacar que la visa puede ser negada. Las razones son mà ºltiples y pueden ser calificadas en dos grandes categorà ­as: inadmisible, en cuyo  caso a veces  se puede pedir un perdà ³n,  o inelegible. Estas son 20 razones por las que la peticià ³n de visa puede ser no aprobada por esta à ºltima causa.  En este caso, el consulado entrega una hoja donde se indica la causa de la misma. Para aplicar de nuevo con posibilidades de obtener una aprobacià ³n es necesario que cambie la circunstancia por la que se produjo la negacià ³n. Si todo sigue igual, la respuesta seguirà ¡ siendo la misma.  ¿Por cuà ¡nto tiempo es và ¡lida la estadà ­a en EE.UU. con una visa de trà ¡nsito? La visa C-1 permite el trà ¡nsito inmediato y continuo a travà ©s de Estados Unidos desde un paà ­s de origen hacia otro de destino. Cuando se llega al control migratorio de EE.UU. el oficial decide el tiempo mà ¡ximo de estancia en el paà ­s que, en ningà ºn caso, puede exceder de los 29 dà ­as. Esto no quiere decir en ningà ºn caso que la persona con la visa C1 puede permanecer todos esos dà ­as en EE.UU. Por el contrario, quiere decir que se està ¡ obligado a salir de EE.UU. en fecha primera de las dos siguientes: en la del boleto en el avià ³n o en el barco para el cual se tiene la reservadentro del tiempo autorizado por el oficial de migracià ³n –que puede ser 29 dà ­as o menos. Por ejemplo, si la escala en Estados Unidos implica que entre el avià ³n de llegada y el de salida hay horas suficientes como para visitar una ciudad, puede hacerse. Sin embargo, no se puede utilizar para hacer turismo aprovechando que se para en Estados Unidos, asà ­ sea de solo por un dà ­a. Para este à ºltimo caso, la visa adecuada es la de turismo o, en el caso de pertenecer a un paà ­s en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados, una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica ESTA es suficiente. La intencià ³n es fundamental. Si es hacer turismo, el oficial del consulado negarà ¡ la visa o el oficial del paso migratorio negarà ¡ el ingreso a EE.UU. por carecer de la visa correcta. Si la intencià ³n es hacer escala de paso entre un paà ­s y otro, la visa a solicitar es la C-1. Puntos Clave: visa C1 de trà ¡nsito La visa C1 sirve para pasar en trà ¡nsito por EE.UU. cuando se viaja desde otro paà ­s de origen a otro de destino.No es necesaria la visa C1 si se tiene visa de turista o ESTA vigente.El costo de la visa C1 es de $160.Debe salirse de EE.UU. en el vuelo o barco para el cual se ha hecho la reserva. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Acc/230 Week 2 Assignment Lucent Technologies Case Free Essays

Week 2 Individual: Lucent Technologies Case Assignment: Read Case 2. 1: Lucent Technologies on pp. 79 and 80 (Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Acc/230 Week 2 Assignment Lucent Technologies Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2) of the text. Compose a 500- to 750-word paper that includes your answers to questions 2-4 on p. 79. Question #2: Evalutat the asset, debt, and equity structure of Lucent Technologies, as well as trends and changes found on the common-size balance sheet. After reviewing the case of Lucent Technologies, we discover that the assets for Lucent Technologies suffered a decline between 2003 and 2004. According to the information provided in the case revealing, the current assets in 2003 was 49. 4% of Lucent Technologies total assets, whereas the current assets in 2004 decreased to 48. 5%. Although, after reviewing the case the percentage of inventory rose from 4. 0% in 2003 to 4. 8% in 2004. We can then calculate there is about a 20% increase in the total inventory holdings. Also it is apparent that Lucent Technologies entire assets in 2003 was 24% and had a decrease in 2004 to about 20%. This can be measured by the company’s cash equivalents and cash. The total debt structure of Lucent Technologies decreased between 2003 and 2004. Lucent Technologies had a decrease in their current liability. In 2003 their current liability was 25. 6% and decreased to 24. 3% during 2004. According to the debts that increased from 23% in 2003 to 26. 4% a year later in the company’s total liability, the debts of Lucent Technologies would be considered long term. In 2003, Lucent Technologies had decreased in the representation of total liabilities and shareholders equity on the equity side for Lucent Technologies when compared to a year later. Improvements can happen and the situation of the company now can improve as the year progresses so the company won’t look deficit. Question #3: What concerns would investors and creditors have based on only this information? Based on only this information for Lucent Technologies, a concern investors and creditors would have when looking at this balance sheet would be the debt structure. When looking at the given information we see a decrease in the total liability, but an increase in the long term liabilities. This could caurse harm to the company since the current liabilities are decreasing from one year to the next. Although, since there is an increase shown for the long term liabilities it balances out to prevent showing a loss. The equity portion is in a superior position for the company. In conclusion, with the given information, Lucent Technologies has been improving looking at 2003 and 2004 and will continue to improve steadily. Question #4: What additional financial and non financial information would investors and creditors need to make investing and lending decision for Lucent Technologies? Some additional financial information that investors and creditors would need in order to make investing and lending decisions for Lucent Technologies would be the company’s financial statements. Investors and creditors would need financial statements for Lucent Technologies because the financial statements contain all the financial information that the investors and creditors would need to make sound investing and lending decisions for Lucent Technologies. The financial statements are the inner workings in a company. The financial statements of a company can be looked at and compared with previous years, in order to find trends in the financial statements and guide investors and creditors to figure out where the company stands and what direction the company may have facing them. Some nonfinancial information that investors and lending decisions for Lucent Technologies would be to know the operating units were created to work together in order to provide cost-efficient solutions and innovative for customers. The business structure can sometimes play a key roll in financial decisions. How to cite Acc/230 Week 2 Assignment Lucent Technologies Case, Essay examples

Unique Characteristics of Hotel Services -Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an essay about the unique characteristics of hotel services marketing and discuss how a hotel manager can differentiate his/her hotel from competitors's by addressing the challenges presented to hotel customers by the inherent and unique characteristics of services. Answer: The essay discusses the five inherent and unique characteristics of services, taking into account the sales and marketing in the hospitality sector, specifically focusing on hotels. The five inherent characteristics of services are namely intangibility, perish ability, variability or heterogeneity, inseparability and benefits without ownership. For studying the implications of these characteristics, the essay takes Novotel Rotorua Lakeside as the study enterprise. Located in Tutanekai Street, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand, this hotel is a renowned one in the Novotel Group of Hotel, a global hospitality chain providing luxury, comfort and convenience to their clients all over the world. The hotel is a 4.5 star mid-scale one, with an average rating of 4.1 stars (Compared among several rating sites). Known for its indoor pools, lakeside view, complimentary access to geothermal pools, scrumptious breakfast buffet and lake-view terrace bar, the hotel garners considerable attentions from comfo rt seeking travellers. Tourists and businesspersons avail their services from all over the world for family vacations as well as corporate visits. However, Rotorua being a tourist attraction, Novotel faces stiff competitions from Hotel Sudima, Hotel Millennium, Hotel Holiday inn, Hotel Rydges, Hotel Copthorone, which are situated, closed to one another (Rotoruanz.com, 2017). The essay tries to show how the manager of Novotel can judiciously use these characteristics of services to take his hotel way ahead of its competitors. The discussion analyse the unique characteristic of services, followed by three ways in which each of these characteristics affect the consumers and the corresponding strategies taken by the management to rule out the challenges in order to gain an edge over its immediate competitors. Service sector, by its inherent nature, is strikingly different from commodity sector, due to the presence of several unique characteristics of services, like intangibility, heterogeneity; perish ability, inseparability and non-ownership. The essay discusses the unique characteristics of the service marketing in the hospitality sector and the profitable service marketing strategies that can be taken in this sector, keeping in mind the problems faced by the customers availing these services due to these features. The essay focuses on Novotel Rotorua Lakeside, New Zealand, a luxury hotel of the global hospitality chain, Novotel, situated in Rotorua, one of the renowned tourist attractions of New Zealand. It tries to analyse the challenges by the problems faced by the customers like confusion about quality of services, different prices at different periods and varying quality of staffs. It also tries to recommend strategies like proper promotional activities, introduction of lucrative p ackages and training and grooming of hotel staffs, respectively that can be taken by the management of the hotel to stay ahead of its competitors. Many scholars have defined the term service differently over time. According to Palmer, service can be essentially the production of an intangible substance or an intangible element of a tangible commodity, which satisfies the customers after being exchanged in lieu of producers with some forms of compensation. Shostack, however, argues about the presence of pure goods and services. According to him, pure goods and pure services form two extreme sides of a spectrum, the entities in between the spectrum, varies with respect to intangibility (Chang Polonsky, 2012, pp. 107-118). Berry, sheds light on the term of service quality, defining quality of service as providing it correctly in the very first chance, with zero defects such that it exceeds the expectations of the customers. Cumulatively, service can be defined as the provision of some intangible benefits to the ones in need of it. Service, by nature has some unique characteristics (Wirtz, 2012). Kotler argues that services are intangible in nature, as they have no tangible substance in them, which implies services bought cannot be seen, tasted or felt. According to him, services are also inseparable and heterogeneous, as they are impossible to be detached from the provider and vary in quality with the providers (Kotler, 2012). By inseparability, it is meant that they cannot be separated physically from the provider of service, throughout the period of availing the service (Lovelock, 2015). The quality of services does not remain the same and varies according to the nature of that particular service provider who is providing the service at that period. Therefore, the quality of services are hugely circumstantial and not homogenous (Bowie, 2016). Kotler defines services to be perishable, which means services, unlike products, cannot be stored or kept in inventory for future use. It has to be availed at the point of time it is scheduled to be provided (Kotler, 2012). Raymond states that the fifth characteristic of services is benefit without ownership, which implies unlike goods, customers cannot own any service, they can only avail or access the use of the service for the time being (Prudhomme Raymond, 2013, pp. 116-126) These inherent features characterize the hospitality sector (hotels, in this case). Hospitality as a service is intangible, in the sense that before staying in a hotel, an individual cannot know about the quality of services that hotel will provide and the level of overall satisfaction he or she will have while staying. In the current digitized markets, with a number of hotel reviewing sites available, a person may get some idea of the services provided by a specific hotel from overall customer reviews (Bowie, 2016). However, reviews being highly individual specific, cannot give a strong idea about the hotel. Hotel services are also inseparable, as both the parties are present during the entire time span in which the service is being availed. The customers availing hotel services cannot separate the services from the service providers (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). When an individual avail services of a hotel, he grades the services received largely in terms of the grooming, behaviour, warmth and availability of the hotel staffs. As a result, the overall customer satisfaction from the service is hugely judged not only based on the service itself but also of the nature of the service provider (Prudhomme Raymond, 2013, pp. 116-126). The quality of service highly depends on the person who is providing it at that point of time and varies, as a result, depending on the nature of the provider. A receptionist of a hotel may be more cordial to the customers. Hotel services are therefore heterogeneous. Hospitality services are obviously perishable (Lovelock, 2015). An individual, booking a hotel room for a particular duration, has to avail the service of that hotel within that duration specifically. Unlike material buys, he cannot keep the services in store for future use. Hotel services cannot be stored in inventory like most other services. One cannot own the services of a hotel, as he can own the products he buys from market (Line Runyan, 2012, pp. 477-488). If a pers on books a hotel room for a particular duration, he or she can only access or use the room for that period; the individual loses access to that room as soon as the service period ends. Therefore, like the above four characteristics, non-ownership is also another attribute of the hospitality services (Wirtz, 2012). The chosen enterprise, Novotel Rotorua Lakeside, as a part of the hospitality industry, is no exception to the above service characteristics. The clients of this hotel also face challenges attributed to these characteristics, few significant of which are discussed below with the possible counter-strategies, which the manager of the hotel can take, in order to stay ahead of its competitors and earn greater revenue (Novotel.com., 2017). Intangibility in services can affect customers in several ways: The potential customers cannot get a clear concept about how good the services of the hotel will actually be (Mok, 2013). A variety of rooms and room types being available, the customer often gets confused regarding what type of room he or she should avail to maximize personal satisfaction, as choices vary from person to person according to personal needs (Prudhomme Raymond, 2013, pp. 116-126). In presence of stiff competition, customers may often fall in trap of paid reviews of its competitors, highlighting their own services and thereby shadowing Novotel. A few strategies can be undertaken by the Manager of Novotel in order to counter the problems faced by the clients of this hotel, thereby giving the hotel an edge over its competitors: To give the potential clients, an idea about the properties of services offered by them, the manager can implement usages of tangible cues; the lobby ambience and well-groomed and well-dressed employees (N. Torres Kline, 2013, pp. 642-659) can impress clients visiting the hotel for the first time. Stationeries (Pen and writing pads) with the name of the hotel embossed on them can also be kept for the clients to use. To clear the confusion of the customers, regarding what type of room should be availed by them, the manager can form a customer helpdesk with enquiry staffs specially trained to provide customized service to individual clients in finding them the most appropriate set of services according to their needs. The hotel can also launch a telephonic customer-care service cell to attend to the queries of the potential clients (Martnez-Ros Orfila-Sintes, 2012, pp. 686-694). To counter the third problem of image building, the manager can take promotional strategies like distribution of attractive promotional brochures, with service package details lucratively displayed, hoardings and advertisements. A dedicated hotel website can also be developed for promoting the hotel and displaying the arenas in which the hotel enjoys superiority over its competitors(Li, Ye, Law, 2013, pp. 784-802). Inseparability in services can also cause several challenges for the customers: Non-polite behaviour of one particular hotel staff at a point of time, which may influence the customer to make an overall negative opinion about the hotel, may dissatisfy a customer(Lu, Ye, Law, 2014, p. 15(1).1). The services provided by the hotel, being highly customer, location and time specific, centralized and mass production is a difficult task. Potential customers may be influenced by other customers who have already availed their services, which may have both positive and negative effects on the potential customers and on the reputation and business of the hotel as a whole(Li, Ye, Law, 2013, pp. 784-802). Management of the hotel can take several steps to counter these challenges: The issue of employee behaviour with the customers can be controlled and turned in favour of the hotel, by proper training of the hotel staffs and grooming them to maintain a professional and warm attitude towards their clients(Gummesson Grnroos, 2012, pp. 479-497). A supervision committee and a complain cell can also be maintained where customers can easily approach in case of any unfavourable incidents and which can ensure abrupt and strict actions in case of such incidents, thereby building a good impression of the organization in the market (Lub, 2012, pp. 553-573) Centralized mass production, in this sector can be difficult, but the Manager can try to implement this as far as possible. Maintaining uniformity in its services can be a challenge, but properly trained, diligent and dedicated to serve employees can help in achieving the target maintaining parity. Centralized mass production of the possible services can be done by using multi-site locations, which can help in increasing the competence of the hotel (Zhang Mao, 2012). To reduce the risk of negative influence of unsatisfied customers on the potential ones, public contact personnel should be hired and should be proactive in creating new client relationships and maintain the old ones(N. Torres Kline, 2013). A bad review from one customer can hamper the company reputation as well as future business prospects substantially and therefore, keeping a dynamic customer review portal, regular and efficient monitoring of the portal and addressing any negative customer feedback with swift and dedication can portray a positive image of the hotel in front of its clients. A happy and loyal client base in its turn can create more business possibilities for the hotel in future, thereby increasing its future revenue(Martnez-Ros Orfila-Sintes, 2012, pp. 686-694). The services provided by the hotel are highly variable in nature, with variations coming based on seasons, locations, customers, demographics and in general demand structure of the place where it is located. This heterogeneous feature of hospitality services provided by the Novotel, may lead to some challenging situations to be faced by the customers (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016): The price levels of their services and their availability may vary hugely from peak seasons to lean seasons due to a high demand for their services in the peak seasons (mostly holidays and vacation seasons) and low demand in the lean ones. Customer preferences, in hospitality sector, are also varied and very much individual specific. Therefore, a service, which can be welcoming for one customer, can be not so favoured or liked by other customers (Lub, 2012, pp. 553-573). The services provided by the hotel may also vary depending upon seasons or employees currently present. For example, a customer may not find food of his preferred cuisine due to unavailability of chef trained to produce that particular cuisine, causing disappointment for the customer. In addition, the quality of food served may vary from time to time, as these services are heterogeneous(Zhang Mao, 2012, pp. 113-131) To maintain a smooth, rising revenue all throughout the year, the manager needs to take strategies such that the hotel remains in demand all throughout the year and not only in peak seasons(Ariffin Maghzi, 2012, pp. 191-198). He may introduce new season specific services, which can only be available in Novotel, thereby creating demands in off seasons. In lean seasons, he can design special packages with attractive discounts and other benefits, which may attract a large clientele(Yoo Bai, 2013, pp. 166-177). The second problem of individualistic customer preferences can be tackled by offering customized services, giving customers liberty to choose from a number of options. The manager can assign an employee specific to a customer (especially high profile ones) who will look after the comfort and preferences of that client, thereby creating a positive impression (Lub, 2012, pp. 553-573). To rule out the possibility of unavailability of services, a thorough market research can be conducted to get a view of what different clients usually seek in a good hotel and then designing their services based on the finding. In case of demand of a service, which is temporarily unavailable, finding out easy and feasible alternatives by the hotel authorities can impress the customer and contribute to the good will of the hotel(Zhou, Ye, Pearce, Wu, 2014, pp. 1-10). The above discussion shows the possible challenges that a customer can face while availing the services of a hotel, which in the long run can create negative impressions of the hotel, thereby hampering its reputation and lowering its revenue. Keeping these challenges in mind, several strategies are also developed and discussed in the essay. The manager of Novotel Rotorua Lakeside (the study enterprise for this assignment) can implement these strategies to tackle the challenges faced by the customers, thereby creating a positive impression for his hotel, which may help Novotel to stay ahead of its competitors and earn a bigger clientele and greater revenues in future. References Ariffin, A., Maghzi, A. (2012). A preliminary study on customer expectations of hotel hospitality: Influences of personal and hotel factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 31(1), 191-198. Bowie, D. B. (2016). Hospitality marketing. Taylor Francis. Chang, Y., Polonsky, M. (2012). The influence of multiple types of service convenience on behavioral intentions: The mediating role of consumer satisfaction in a Taiwanese leisure setting. International journal of hospitality management , 31(1), 107-118. Gummesson, E., Grnroos, C. (2012). The emergence of the new service marketing: Nordic School perspectives. Journal of Service Management , 23(4), 479-497. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016). Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Kotler, P. (2012). Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Li, H., Ye, Q., Law, R. (2013). Determinants of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry: an application of online review analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research , 18(7), 784-802. Line, N., Runyan, R. C. (2012). Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 31(2), 477-488. Lovelock, C. . (2015). Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Lu, Q., Ye, Q., Law, R. (2014). Moderating effects of product heterogeneity between online word-of-mouth and hotel sales. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research , 15(1), 1. Lub, X. N. (2012). Different or alike?Exploring the psychological contract and commitment of different generations of hospitality workers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 24(4), 553-573. Martnez-Ros, E., Orfila-Sintes, F. (2012). Training plans, manager's characteristics and innovation in the accommodation industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 31(3), 686-694. Mok, C. S. (2013). Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Torres, E., Kline, S. (2013). Customer satisfaction to customer delight: Creating a new standard of service for the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 25(5), 642-659. Novotel.com. (2017). Novotel.com. Retrieved Aug 13, 2017, from NovotelRotorua Lakeside.: https://www.novotel.com/gb/hotel-1874-novotel-rotorua-lakeside/index.shtml Prudhomme, Raymond, L. (2013). Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (34), 116-126. Prudhomme, B. ., Raymond, L. (2013). Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 34, 116-126. Rotoruanz.com. (2017). Rotorua NZ | Visit Rotorua New Zealand. Retrieved Aug 13, 2017, from Rotoruanz.com: https://www.rotoruanz.com/ Wirtz, J. (2012). Essentials of services marketing. FT Press. Yoo, M., Bai, B. (2013). Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals. International Journal of Hospitality Management (33), 166-177. Zhang, J., Mao, Z. (2012). Image of all hotel scales on travel blogs: Its impact on customer loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management , 21(2), 113-131. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P. L., Wu, M. Y. (2014). Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data. International Journal of Hospitality Management (38), 1-10 Ariffin, A. A. M., Maghzi, A. (2012). A preliminary study on customer expectations of hotel hospitality: Influences of personal and hotel factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 191-198. Bowie, D., Buttle, F., Brookes, M., Mariussen, A. (2016).Hospitality marketing.Taylor Francis. Chang, Y. W., Polonsky, M. J. (2012). The influence of multiple types of service convenience on behavioral intentions: The mediating role of consumer satisfaction in a Taiwanese leisure setting.International journal of hospitality management,31(1), 107-118. Gummesson, E., Grnroos, C. (2012). The emergence of the new service marketing: Nordic School perspectives.Journal of Service Management,23(4), 479-497. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism.Routledge. Kotler, P. (2012).Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Li, H., Ye, Q., Law, R. (2013). Determinants of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry: an application of online review analysis.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(7), 784-802. Line, N. D., Runyan, R. C. (2012). Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), 477-488. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P. (2015).Services marketing.Pearson Australia. Lu, Q., Ye, Q., Law, R. (2014).Moderating effects of product heterogeneity between online word-of-mouth and hotel sales.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,15(1), 1. Lub, X., NijeBijvank, M., MatthijsBal, P., Blomme, R., Schalk, R. (2012). Different or alike?Exploring the psychological contract and commitment of different generations of hospitality workers.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(4), 553-573. Martnez-Ros, E., Orfila-Sintes, F. (2012). Training plans, manager's characteristics and innovation in the accommodation industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), 686-694. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure.Routledge. Novotel.com. (2017).NovotelRotorua Lakeside. [online] Available at: https://www.novotel.com/gb/hotel-1874-novotel-rotorua-lakeside/index.shtml [Accessed 13 Aug. 2017]. Prudhomme, B., Raymond, L. (2013). Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 116-126. Rotoruanz.com (2017).Rotorua NZ | Visit Rotorua New Zealand. [online] Rotoruanz.com. Available at: https://www.rotoruanz.com/ [Accessed 13 Aug. 2017]. Wirtz, J. (2012).Essentials of services marketing. FT Press. Yoo, M., Bai, B. (2013). Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 166-177. Zhang, J. J., Mao, Z. (2012). Image of all hotel scales on travel blogs: Its impact on customer loyalty.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,21(2), 113-131. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P. L., Wu, M. Y. (2014). Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, 1-10.

Payroll Management System free essay sample

Using Advanced Payroll and Employee Management System† is a online based web application designed to help in quality assurance of the project. In this project developed using Advanced PHP and MySQL mainly database and informations schema are managed by SQL dabase. The Front end PHP communicated with backend â€Å"MySQL†. All these are the open source that can be easily got from the internet. This application is will help to track and solve the very critical paper works and convert the paper through electronic data easy CMS system. So this Payroll Management system is very effective for all type of peoples. Payroll Management system is to provide an option to generate the salary automatically every month. This software also equipped with to enter the attendance of each employee in the organization, it help them to track each employee attendance, based on this we can generate the salary. The software built to generate individual pay slip and summary of the payroll. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll Management System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also has option to generate the report for Provident Fund and ESI. So they can take the print out of Provident Fund and ESI to submit to the department. WordPress Using Advanced Payroll and Employee Management System is an advanced online based payroll management system. Access the payroll system using internet anywhere on the world. Easily control the employee’s structure using Internet connection. Here why use the WordPress platform to develop this project? WordPress is a one of the Framework developed using PHP, AJAX and MySQL, is compatible for all online application development. Now a day’s millions of online application systems are managed and developed by WordPress Platform. Incase if you don’t have the internet connection in your company and only have the local server, it is very easy to use intranet connection. Using Local server system and install this project locally, access where ever in your concern. This document fully and formally describes the requirements of the proposed said project system. It sets out the functional and non-functional requirements and includes a description of the user interface and documentation and training requirements.

Last Mohicans Essay Example

Last Mohicans Essay Example Last Mohicans Essay Last Mohicans Essay Essay Topic: Last Of the Mohicans The Heart Goes Last Plus scenes from the movie didnt match up properly with what Cooper had written. In the beginning of the novel the character David Gamut is introduced. He was a wandering young man in the forest who loved poetry. David was attempting to carry Christianity to the frontier through the power of his song. He was totally out of place in the wilderness, plus he was a subject of Hawkers mockery. He eventually became close with Hawker and helped him throughout their Journey. But for some reason he was of no relevance in the movie. David Gamut is a ghost to Michael Duns movie, he simply doesnt exist. Plus in the movie the eldest daughter Cord Munroe was castes and portrayed far differently than what Cooper had described. Cooper described his character Cord Munroe as an interracial child with an African American background. That is why they referred to her as the dark one. But in the movie she was played by an actress who was Caucasian, and the only thing that was dark about her was her hair. Cooper also made Corals love interest Uncaps, who is the full blood Monica son of Chicagoan. But the relationship ended tragically and there would have been no way possible for t to occur. Due to Cord and Uncaps being both of different nationalities. In Michael Duns movie Cord and Uncaps relationship didnt exist. The character Cord was played by the Caucasian actress Madeline Stows. She ended up falling in love with the storys hero Hawker. Both characters got to be together in the end of the movie. This is dramatically different than what Cooper had in his novel. Both Hawker and Cord could be together in Duns movie because it created no controversy over race. On another note, the movie showed that the younger sister Alice Munroe was in love tit Uncaps. When Magma was given Alice in the end of the movie to bare children with it sends Uncaps into a rage. As he tried to rescue Alice he was killed by Magma and thrown off the cliffs. Alice then commits suicide by slowly falling back off the mountain after her deceased love Uncaps. In comparison the novel and movie are wildly different. Characters in the movie are entirely different than what Cooper had created. They also are engaging in complete opposite roles. Important details in the novel made the story truer to its time. I suppose changing those important aspects of he novel made the movie more interesting, more action packed and to the point. Leave the storyline with a somewhat happy ending. In Coopers novel Hawkers relationship with the Musicians isnt as friendly as it is in the movie. In the movie when Hawker and the Musicians are introduced they act as if one another is family. Hawker refers to Chicagoan as his father and Uncaps his brother. Chicagoan Hawker and his adoptive family are close friends with Englishmen in the colony. They actually go to a gentlemans cabin that night and have dinner with this British colony family. Everyone interacts with one another very closely. Even the natives are eating dinner at the table and playing with the Englishmen son. In the novel Hawker doesnt share that same type of relationship with the Musicians, also continuously talks about how he is not of Indian blood. In the book he even states l am not a prejudiced man, nor one who vaunts himself on his natural privileges, though the worst enemy I have on earth, and he is an Iroquois, adrenal deny that I am genuine white . Hawkers adoptive background breeds both productive alliances and disturbingly racist convictions. He shows how the history and cultures of the people of the frontier influence one another. Regardless of the divide that the English, French etc want to create, everyone is going to somewhat intermix. But Hawker has a confliction wanting to state that he is white and has much more privileges than his friend. Yet he feels more comfortable in the wilderness with the native people. Hawker demonstrates that hes almost obsessed with proving hes not a native. Throughout Coopers novel he constantly brings up his white background to prove it. Scenes throughout Michaels Duns movie are so completely efferent than Coopers novel. In the beginning of the movie Hawker is hunting in the woods with the Musicians. Hawker shoots the deer with his long rifle with no worries at all. However, in Coopers story the Musicians keep Hawker from shooting the deer. They feared he would give up their location to their enemies so Uncaps kills the animal with a bow and arrow and finishes it off with a knife. Another part of Duns 1997 movie was definitely portrayed much different Coopers novel. Uncaps went to the tribal grounds of Magma to rescue Cord and the others. Demanded ends p letting Uncaps and Hawker go, but Magma takes Cord. Uncaps is so enraged he goes back to rescue Cord. When a native of Magma tribe gets impatient he stabs Cord in the heart. Uncaps and Magma battle it out but Magma slips off of the side of the mountain. As he slips Magma grasp hold of some trees and holds on for his life. But Hawker shoots him, and he falls back into his ultimate death. I truly believe both pieces of work were brilliant and beautiful. Yet it was difficult to understand Coopers novel, and was very lengthy. He emphasized a lot on the battles and showed the influences that all the people in the colony had on one another. But Dunn brought a lot of interesting elements to The Last Monica story. The battles were very realistic and thrilling. He showed that although the people in the colonies had issues there were some bonds and strong relationships among the different races. I personally would had never watched or read the book by choice myself. But I am glad I got to read, and watch two exceptional pieces of work. Although Dunn didnt tell the same story as Cooper, it was a very well made movie.

World Economy Since 1945 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World Economy Since 1945 - Essay Example However, strong popular beliefs regarding the negative effects of this school of economic thoughts have remained. The fall of the global economy since the 2008 financial crisis has led to the development of substantial popular resistance against neo liberalism. The US has made continuing efforts to introduce neoliberal policies on the third world countries, which are in the period of economic transition. It has been successful in achieving this objective and has received the support of the international bodies, such as, the World Bank and the IMF. According to common belief, neo liberalism refers to an up-gradation on the classical liberal economics. This classical liberal economics dominated majority of the UK and the United States before the Great Depression hit the world in the 1930s (Overbeek, 2003). A new approach started to enter the thought of economists since the mid 1930s, after the world faced the perils of liberal economic relations among market agents. This approach was c onsidered interventionist and tended to strengthen by the 1970s, when it was termed as the neo liberal economic thought. Under this new economic theory, it was accepted that, significant state intervention is required in order to retain the strength and shine of capitalist form of production relations. Without state intervention, capitalist mode of production relation cannot be viable (Kotz, 2000). An overview: European Stagnation It has been argued that the euro zone crisis had occurred as a result of â€Å"a toxic neoliberal economic policy cocktail† (Palley, 2013). This cocktail was developed in 1980s when Europe had begun to put emphasis on the model of neoliberal economic theory. By embracing this theory, income generation reduced and demand creation was suppressed. This gave rise to wide income inequality. However, the problem of stagnation did not appear immediately with the changes in economic decagons making in the European countries. A number of initial economic dev elopments during the late 1900s postponed the occurrence of stagnation. Among them, the most important incidence was the creation of the Euro. The common currency of the Euro zone countries led to â€Å"interest rate convergence† (Palley, 2013), which swelled up the asset price and eased credit availability facilities. This brought superficial prosperity in these economies owing to the asset price bubble. But, the fictitious boom in the economy actually worsened the stagnation by delaying it and building up large heaps of debts. These economies had followed a flawed system of monetary policies that caused the debt crisis. The neo liberal economic model thus prompted flawed economic growth pattern in the developed countries that had accepted this model during the 1970s and 1980s (Palley, 2013). Shift from Keynesianism to neo liberalism in Europe Europe was developing during the mid 1900s. However, after the 1945 there has been a major change in the pattern of economic growth o f the countries in Europe. Towards the end of the twentieth century, average buying power of a European consumer increased by three times. The basic factors that stimulated economic growth were cohesive associations between employers and the employees, solidarity-centred trade unions and an overall growth oriented policies of the governments. These institutions were interconnected with one another and worked consistently towards mobilization of savings and stabilizing wages and improve the climate for financial investment (Parker, 2013). However, after 1973 Europe switched from Keynesian economic point of view to the neo liberal economic thought. According to Barry Eichengreen, it resembled a switch from economic developm

Ethnicity Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnicity - Article Example According to Maryann Cusimanno Love, the racial discrimination is not a matter with which the nation is over with. And there is ample room for improvement on the aspect of racial stereotyping. We as an advance nation, talking about the human rights and maintaining them on national level tend to ignore the privileges a citizen has right to enjoy; no matter which cast or race he/she belongs to. The rights and facilities given by state and law should be available and accessible to all. Is race no longer a barrier in United States? Inequities of the past still persist in our society? First we have to understand the true meaning and historical background of it, to relate it with today’s intensity of it in our responses. Prejudices or stereotypes are hidden bias which we consciously or unconsciously adapt from our environment. The fundamental quality of human brain to categorize people into certain groups according to their characteristics became the earliest foundation of discrimination. Both the terms, can be used in positive connotations also but it refers to negative belief in our society. Prejudice is a survival mechanism; we develop it to keep us safe. It is essential to understand that prejudices go way back in history and not only link to racial issues but to gender, immigrants and several other aspects comprise in it.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Universities

Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Universities Abstract Learning Management Systems (LMSs) are the typically adopted technology and they provide a significant tool in supporting blended learning in universities. Therefore, these systems are being explored from various aspects. Educational technologists conclude that every university or even departments within the same university differ in its experience in adopting these systems. Department of Industrial Management, University of Kelania is adopting the LMS portal for supporting blended learning. This university administration raises considerable attention in assessing the actual extent of staff and student adoption of the LMS. In this regard this paper presents data collected from the surveyed 100 students at the Department of Industrial Management, university of Kelaniya regarding their LMS adoption. Keywords: Introduction The significance to the advancements of web-based technologies is the development of powerful software systems, known as learning management systems (LMS), have become a widely-used technology and a key instrument in supporting e-learning in higher educational institutions. As LMS offers numerous benefits to individuals and institutions, many universities have deployed some form of LMS. Students can access course materials independent of time and location. Significantly, it opens up fresh potentials for initiating academic innovations where students function as dynamic, control their own learning, develop critical thinking and become collaborative participants. In addition, LMS provides an automated mechanism for teachers in the management of online courses, allowing them to create, add, modify, customize, and reuse digital content and learning objects and tracking learner progress. Blended learning is defined as a combination (blend) of e-learning and face to face classroom learning environments (Graham,2006; Wu and Hwang, 2010; Murshitha S.M and Wickramarachchi A.P.R, 2015) Recently, blending learning has been increasing in higher education, as students are involved in collaborative learning and interaction with instructors and classmates (Wu et al., 2010). Almost all universities in Sri Lanka have developed their own LMS portal for the use of their own lecturers and students. The administrators of Sri Lankan universities are keen on assessing the actual status of faculty and students usage of the LMS as the acquisition or construction of such a system and its annual cost of operation are significant. Investigating and assessing the usage of LMS within a department and especially between different departments and universities is essential for its continuous use. The objective of this study is to investigate the status (extent of use) of LMS adoption in blended learning at university level. This research will be interested to both researcher and university community, as it will significantly contribute and improve the body of knowledge in the context of LMS adoption. Literature Review All learning management systems are not the same; they can be adopted in different ways. Different tools such as activity tools (Lesson, HTML page, Glossary, Assignments, Quiz, Choice, Database, Workshop, Wiki, Chat and Forum etc.), blocks (People, Calendar, Online Users, Latest News, Upcoming Events, Search, etc.) and filters (associated components to the activity tools and the blocks) are integrated in a single system which offers all necessary tools to run and manage an e-learning course. All learning activities and materials in a course are organized and managed by and within the system. Significant dedication in universities using an LMS is how to evaluate the actual extent of LMS usage by the staff and student. While the trends are towards more student centric learning tools, the research done has shown that yet the teaching staff is the key driver of an LMS usage. The need for a reliable guide of the extent of LMS usage becomes apparent when one considers the complexity of assessing to what extent an LMS is actually used within an university. In this direction, range of aspects of LMS adoption, implementation, support, and usage have been the subject of numerous studies (McQuiggan, C. A. 2007). Lane determined that the manner of LMS usage was largely shaped by the nature of the product as introduced to faculty [14]. Kincannon earlier studied the reaction of faculty to use of a C/LMS and determined that faculty expressed dissatisfaction at the time demands imposed by using it [13]. Amrein-Beardsley, et. al [4], Allen and Seamans for the Sloan Consortium [2], the Georgia Vista Implementation Enterprise Wide study [25], Harrington [12] and Morgan [19] all attempted to gain insight into C/LMS usage via student or instructor-supplied data, and to assess the level of faculty adoption of C/LMS via the use of surveys, determining that 96% of the largest institutions of higher learning were, as of 2006, using C/LMS to support online learning in addition to in-class courses. Vonderwell, et. al [26], Cramer, et. al [9], Mandinach [15], Tobin [23], Shiratuddin [22], and Bork [8] attempted to evolve methods for the assessment of student performance, or propose reasoned suggestions for the improvement of performance, when C/LMS software was involved in the process of education. Yet a glaring omission exists in the empirical measurement of the actual extent of usage of C/LMS by faculty derived from the databases supporting a given C/LMS, that is, regularly measuring the extent of faculty usage of the C/LMS as evidenced by the contents of the database supporting it, making it possible to detect and respond to trends. The lack of adequate means of assessing C/LMS usage has prompted some researchers to propose the application of data warehousing technology to the problem of providing a base of readily accessible faculty and student C/LMS usage data. Van Dyk and Conradie [24] proposed such an approach in 2007 in support of action research, defined by ZuberSkerrit as a critical enquiry by academics themselves into their own teaching practice, into problems of student learning and into curriculum problems[30]. The prototype data warehouse they proposed was intended to be used directly by instructors who were interested in studying the relationship between learning styles as defined and measured using the Felder index of learning styles [11] and student interaction with the C/LMS, and potentially conducting other similar ad hoc studies. Their prototype data warehouse was formed according to established dimensional techniques and In order to assess the usage and extent of use of LMS this research adopted Janossys, J (2008) assessment method that make it possible to assess usage between units of a university and between universities, drove the development and proposal outlined in detail in Figure 2.2 , which depicts a model for the derivation of a simple metric expressed as a number from 0 through 13. Figure 2. 2 Janossys LMS Usage Level and Metric Values       The formation of this model proceeds from the definition of five overall levels of possible C/LMS use. These five levels span the continuum from no use of the C/LMS by an instructor through a level which exceeds the capabilities of most C/LMS systems using the technology currently available to many institutions (Janossy,J., 2008). The Figure 2.3 provides greater detail concerning the functional usage represented by each metric value, proceeding from the lowest value through the highest: Figure 2. 3 A Level-Model for Assessing The LMS Usage among Staff and students Level 0 refers to no LMS usage. Thus, the lecturer does not create a course in LMS or does not activate student access to the LMS for the students in the course if a course is automatically created in the LMS. Level 1, refers to the very basic usage of the system only for uploading lesson content by the teaching staff and downloading lesson content or submitting assignments by the students. Level 2, refers to the usage of communication tool in an LMS. It includes the usage of modules such as email, discussion forum or chat. Level 3, refers to the usage of the testing tool (quizzes, pool or survey). For instance, students can take some quizzes and tests online, with some scores provided immediately possibly with feedback answers for incorrect items and similar. Level 4, is defined with a view to the current technological developments which require to share knowledge and to treat users as co-developers. Currently this was achieved by adding a blog module on the system but in the future there might be other modules to enrich this level of LMS usage. It is interesting to note that one could draw a parallel between the levels of this model and the theories of learning. In fact, the lowest levels of the LMS usage actually correspond to the more teacher centered approach which is typical for a basic level of learning and behaviorism. As we go upper in the level spectrum of LMS usage actually we move towards constructivism and social constructivism and end up in Level 4 which promotes building knowledge through sharing experiences and co-developing which on the other hand are some of the main principles of connectivism. Assessment of the LMS adoption in learning process. A total of 100 questionnaires are distributed and all of them are returned and usable. Table 1 summarizes the demographic profile and descriptive statistics of the respondents. Item Frequency Percentage Gender Male Female 38 62 38 62 Age or Level 20-22 (Level 2) 23-25 (Level 3) 48 52 48 52 PC ownership Yes No 84 16 84 16 Laptop ownership Yes No 94 06 94 06 Often of LMS use Regular Just-to download 30 70 30 70 Table 1: Demographic profile and descriptive statistics of surveyed students This section describes the answer for the research question, thus how is the status of LMS adoption in learning process? In doing so, descriptive profiles for each of the adoption variables are explored. Table 4.59 exhibits the descriptive profile of the five LMS adoption tools i.e. downloading lesson, chat, discussion forum, e-mail and assessment. Table 4. 59 Descriptive Profile of LMS Adoption Tools The conceptualization of students LMS adoption consists of five LMS tools namely, downloading lesson content, chat, discussion forum, e-mail and assessment. However based on the analyzed data only two LMS tools i.e. downloading lesson content and assessment were prominently adopted by students at Department of Industrial Management, University of Kelaniya. Downloading lesson content relates to the utilization of LMS for downloading notes that are uploaded by their lecturers. In this instance, lecturers impose the students to use this tool by uploading their lesson contents. In fact, findings of this study revealed that students downloading lesson contents was the highest in terms of mean compared to other LMS tools. Since being a student, one is always subject to lecturers decision. Hence, by uploading lesson content lecturers insist or impose students to use this tool and students without any questions must abide and adhere. Moreover, findings from lecturers questionnaire also indicted that all most all lecturers use this tool to upload their lesson content. Chat denotes to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of pedagogical chatting via LMS and students are being monitored by the administrator. Hence, they use this tool only for the above purpose. Findings of this study showed that chat tool recorded the lowest mean. There would be two reasons behind this lowest mean. The first reason is, normally students are being more interested and constantly engaged in chatting other than pedagogical one and use chatting tools such as facebook, twitter, skype, whatsup, viber, tango etc. The second reason is, a very few lecturers use this chatting tool as evident by lecturers questionnaire and they do not insist or impose the students to use this tool as they insist the students to download the lesson content. Discussion forum, relates to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of discussing on a certain topic with their peers and lecturers to enhance the critical thinking, analytical skills and exchange of their knowledge. Findings of this study showed that the tool of discussion forum also recorded lower mean. There would be two reasons behind this. The first reason is, as the respondents are the internal students, they have enough time for discussing face to face. The second reason is, according to the data derived from lecturers questionnaire only 25% of lectures use this discussion forum. Hence, students also do not give preference to this tool as their lecturers. E-mail denotes the adoption of LMS for communication purposes. This is also same as the previous two tools. Thus students use other mail accounts in yahoo, gmail for their e-mailing purpose. Assessment tool relates to the utilization of LMS for the purpose of assessing students through various sub assessment tools such as quizzes, short answers, multiple choice, essay questions etc. Results revealed second scoring for assessment tool in adopting LMS. This is because; students are being imposed by their lecturers to adopt this tool, as they are imposed by lecturers to download lesson contents. Findings from lecturers questionnaire indicted that 80% of lecturers use the assessment tool to assess their students. From the above discussion it is obvious that, subjective norm has a strong predictive power in determining individuals behavior. Thus, subjective norm in the form of lecturers acceptance and use of technology were found to influence students acceptance and use of the same. Thus if lecturers use or adopt LMS, students also believe it as important to them and they also imitate their lecturers and vice versa. Research Methods This study is descriptive in nature and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. References Graham, C.R. (2006) Chapter 1: Blended Learning System: Definition, Current Trends, Future Directions in Bonk, C. J. and C.R. Graham (eds.) Handbook of Blended Learning, San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. McQuiggan, C. A. (2007). The role of faculty development in online teachings potential to question teaching beliefs and assumptions. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(3). Lane, L. M. (2007). Course Management Systems and Pedagogy. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://lisahistory.net/pages/CMSandPedagogy.htm Wu, W. C, Hwang, L. Y.(2010) The Effectiveness of e-Learning for Blended Courses in Colleges International Journal of Electronic Business Management, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.312-322 (2010)

Metternich System

â€Å"France made its revolutions and gave them their ideas, to the point where a tricolor of some kind became the emblem of virtually every emerging nation, and European (or indeed world) politics between 1789 and 1917 were largely the struggle for and against the principles of 1789, or the even more incendiary ones of 1793. † The principles of the French revolution lived on in every European continent; the French Revolution poured out its ideas and sent shock waves throughout Europe.Therefore this phenomenon together with the period of enlightenment, contributed to the rise of consciousness and of antagonism against the â€Å"Ancien Regime† (a general term for ‘The Old Order’ in Europe before the French Revolution of 1789, when most countries were ruled by absolute monarchs and the aristocracy were the dominant class). The Bourgeoisie class took full advantage of this period to bring across their needs and Ideologies but was rarely at the forefront of the revolution as the peasants were usually causing the riots. The Bourgeoisie played a more underlying role in this revolution.The people within the perimeters of the European wanted nationalism and liberalism. Napoleon Bonaparte also known as the â€Å"little corporal† came and restored stability and glory to France , â€Å"He was the man of the Revolution, and the man who brought stability. † Napoleon brought the French Revolution to its conclusion when he entered the French arena to restore peace by putting an end to the â€Å"Reign of Terror â€Å"and extinguishing the fire of the Bourgeoisie . His megalomaniac personality and ambitious thirst for battles made France a great power in Europe.This was illustrated in the series of battles he won, â€Å"Napoleon fought about sixty battles in his career and won all but a few of them, he rose to power because of his victories and fell because of his defeats. † Metternich’s influence came about before the en d of Napoleon’s regime. â€Å"Metternich was first appointed foreign minister in 1809 the Habsburg Empire was at its lowest point in its struggle against Napoleon. The French leader had forced the Empire out of its northern Italian territories, taken over the Austrian Netherlands and subsumed the Habsburg parts of Poland into the Duchy of Warsaw.Habsburg domination of Germany had also been smashed as a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This was a particularly powerful psychological blow to the dynasty’s sense of self worth: the Habsburgs had been Holy Roman Emperors for almost all of the previous 400 years and suddenly it no longer existed. To add insult to injury, this particular act of Napoleonic modernisation changed the title of the Habsburg Emperor from Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, to Francis I, Emperor of the remaining Habsburg dominions. One of the few times in history that a monarch has been devalued. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, after w hich the initiative was taken through the employment of the Vienna Congress of 1814-1815, to restore political stability to the fragile European which Napoleon had compromised. The Vienna Congress was chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, its objective was to address issues which arose out of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. This settlement lead to the redrawing of the continental map, in so doing establishing new boundaries of France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italian territories and Napoleon’s duchy of Warsaw.In 1815 when Napoleon failed to reassert his influence over Europe, the Congress of Vienna to all intensive purposes coped well with this problem. The Second Treaty of Paris further punished the French by reducing her borders to that of 1790, enforcing a large indemnity on her as well as forcing her to give back the stolen art pillaged from European Cities. This was a just punishment for France who had supported and welcomed Napoleon’s return. Additionally the Congress was against liberalism and nationalism which infiltrated into other European states from the French Revolution which they felt would disrupt their conservatism. First, it was necessary to build a security ring around the recent aggressor, France, and second, to provide the customary cartographical compensation for all the allied partners. † The Congress of Vienna also had to deal with the key matters of containing France, which was accomplished by strengthening those countries on the French border. The Austrian Netherlands was incorporated into Holland, and on France's southern borders, Piedmont, Nice and Savoy became one state.Of course these new single states, not one could contain France by physical presence alone and so the Quadruple Alliance was signed by the major powers for a further 20 years should France rise up again the Congress was very â€Å"lenient† towards France despite the fact that they had just been defeated. Their main purpo se was to restore the â€Å"status quo† and by doing this, they were able to ignore the demands for democracy and nationalism by the French people. Metternich made every effort to remove political or administrative power from local or subordinate levels and oncentrate it in a central authority was illustrated through his opposition of conservatism. He was of the opinion that that social mobility should be based on ascription not on achievement. Metternich was known for his advocation of strong, administratively efficient governmental organization which he felt was successfully portrayed by his ideal form of government the monarchs. This is captured when he said he opposed any other type of government and constitutional change which he felt would inevitably lead to chaos and revolutions.Metternich was aware that all of Europe was conscientious and was aroused easily by the ever present spirit of nationalism and liberalism inherited from the French Revolution. Consequently this is the sole reason for his objection of liberalism and nationalism becoming operational. â€Å"Metternich therefore set his face against any constitutional change. Comparing revolution in turn to a hydra ready to swallow everthing up, to a fire, to a flood, and later to the cholera, hostile to the sovereignty of the people and constitutional government. As such Metternich’s principles opposed the ideology of liberty, equality and fraternity. The spread of Metternich’s ideology throughout Europe he tried to ensure that this objective was not materialized. Another great political idea development by Metternich was the Holy Alliance in 1815; this alliance was created by Tsar Alexander I, members of this alliance included Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Holy Alliance was implemented to maintain the status quo so that the bourgeoisie were hindered from infiltrating into the upper class.Additionally the Quadruple Alliance of April 22, 1834 formed between Spain, France, B ritian and Portugal, was aimed at ensuring the victory of liberalism, at accomplishing a collective security and protecting the existing peace and balance of power. Social factors is seem as a factor that resulted in the revolutions. The 1820’s revolution damages were widespread as the first bout of unrest was experienced. Revolutionary upheavals began in the Italian states of Naples,Piedmont and Sicily.These revolutions â€Å"occurred because the political systems reimposed on Europe were profoundly, and in a period of rapid social change increasinglyinadequate for the political conditions of the Continent, and because of economic and social discontents were acute as to †¦outbreaks virtually inevitable. † They felt that the Metternich system disregarded their desire for liberalism and nationalism. In 1818, the church was restored to supremacy, regaining its influencial power in Naples this angered the people and the resentment against the leadership grew.The libe rals were inciting members of society to stage revolutions in efforts to gain freedom and oppose the leadership of the Kings whose rulings reflected the ideologies of the Metternich system. A proletarian and socialist revolutionary movement â€Å"was chiefly visible in the countries of the dual revolutions, Britian and France. † The most notably results of 1830’s revolution was the â€Å"modifications of left-wing politics. They split moderates from radicals and they created a new international situation. In doing so they helped to split the movement not only into different social but into different national segments. The 1820’s and the 1830’s revolution both failed miserably because of little cooperation among the revolutionary movement and due to isolation of territories which preferred to stay alienated instead of forming union between the territories. The economic factors must now be considered, Metternich’s system amended the administration t hroughout Europe. As such the changes fostered by the Vienna Congress in particular was a major handicap for some countries. The Vienna Congress rulings were catastrophic to France who had to repatriate seven million francs and relinquish some colonies from the Italian providences to Austria.Primarily because of the personal interest Metternich had in Austria such drastic effects were taken, therefore it can be stated that the major powers of the Vienna Congress made decisions to their individual advantage. Germany was another state who suffered immense losses just as France in efforts to settle international disputes. The territories bought economic stability as it increased the size of their purses and their power on the international arena. The Metternich system assisted in the financial prosperity of some nations while it crippled the acquisition of economic stability of other imperial powers.Metternich fetish of restoring the monarchy of many countries was a financial burden on many countries whose desire was to be included in this grand change. The economic hardships were responsible for many of the revolutions in Europe both before and after the Metternich’s rule. The congress of Aix-La Chapelle in 1818 had a major concern about what should be done with France in terms of allowing them to attend future congress meetings and more importantly if they should relieve them of their military occupation.The congress came to a unanimous decision on both issues where they allowed France to return to future meetings and the military occupation would end. â€Å"Metternich also frustrated Russian hopes of facilitating a Franco-Russian alliance as a counter to the Austrian-British alignment. He achieved this by sowing the seeds of mistrust between the two powers. The Congress of Aix-La-Chapelle therefore coped well with the problem facing it in 1818. † There was another meeting in 1820 that took place in Troppau which was convened to discuss the matter s about the uprising In Spain and Naples.Each of the main powers at the congress had a different view about how the matter should be handled. Metternich made the decision to take action in Naples as it posed a great threat to Austrian influence in Italy. Alexander who represented Russia at the congress wanted to send troops into Spain to restore the monarchy (Ferdinand) while Casltereagh (Britain) thought that Naples and Spain were continental problems and as a result were not a concern of the British.The end result was the signing of the Troppau protocol which was a great success for Metternich as he gained the support of Russia and isolated France. As Metternich gained the support of Russia, he somewhat lost the support of the British. â€Å"However on the whole the congress system itself had failed to cope with the problems of Spain and Naples. The question of Spain would remain a problem even after the Congress of Verona in 1822, and the Troppau agreement had split the major po wers in two. The system could not cope without a general agreement by all the major powers.The main problem was, all the major powers had differing opinions and interests, which made certain a general agreement on a course of action was unlikely. Without such an agreement time would run out on the lifeline of the system. † The Congress met for the last time in Verona, 1822 to discuss the fact that Spain was still facing problems and there was a revolution that was taking place in Greece as well. â€Å"It might seem as though the Congress had coped well with the problems it faced but this is misleading.The Spanish problem, had been a problem since 1820 and was still not solved. Metternich who had pressed for the signing of the Troppau protocol would still not summon action to be taken. † The congress system finally met its end in 1822. Some historians have argued that the system itself was a failure, however in my opinion this was not the case. Metternich accomplished a lot during his time such as his defeat of Napoleon and the formation of the Vienna Congress. â€Å"The Congresses stretching from Vienna to Verona had to contend with a number of issues and t was not surprising given the nature of the system itself that certain problems would split the powers in attendance. After all the motivation behind the creation of the Congress Meeting was to deal with France, and not to deal with revolutionary uprisings. How could the Congress system deals with problems it was not designed to face. † There were multiple views on all of issues which arose after 1818 and up to 1822 could not be accommodated. At Vienna and Aix La Chappelle the powers in attendance came to a general agreement, but there would be a time when no such agreement would be possible.This can be seen with the Troppau protocol which split the powers in two. â€Å"After the congress of Troppau time was effectively running out on the life line of the congress system. Britain no long er wanted to be involved in continental affairs that did not concern her directly and the other European powers had a mutual suspicion of one another's ambitions and interests. Forces of political intrigue were working behind the scenes to isolate powers and force an agreement on a certain course of action. †